Meaning
Analytical characterization parameter derived from X-ray diffraction peak positions quantifies the interlayer spacing between carbon layer planes in graphitic active materials. Measuring X-ray diffraction d002 provides precise structural data on the degree of graphitization in synthetic and natural graphite powders used for lithium-ion battery anodes. Pure crystalline graphite exhibits an interlayer d002 spacing of zero point three three five four nanometers, whereas less ordered carbons display larger values.
Lower d002 values correspond to higher structural order, which improves lithium intercalation capacity and electrical conductivity in battery electrodes.
Lattice Parameter
Bragg’s law calculates the specific d002 interplanar spacing from the angular position of the primary carbon diffraction peak. Precise measurement requires calibrated instruments and peak-fitting algorithms to resolve minor structural variations.
Structural Correlation
The degree of graphitization calculated directly from X-ray diffraction d002 correlates with initial coulombic efficiency and reversible capacity in anode materials. Disordered carbon regions with larger d002 values increase irreversible lithium trapping during initial cell formation cycles. Graphitic carbons with d002 values close to theoretical limits exhibit high electronic conductivity and high volumetric energy density, though they may suffer from greater volumetric expansion during lithium insertion.
Material Specification
Quality assurance protocols for anode material procurement specify tight tolerances for the d002 parameter to verify batch consistency. Sourcing specifications mandate maximum allowable d002 values to guarantee that incoming graphite lots meet required graphitization levels. Characterization via X-ray diffraction ensures incoming raw material conforms to technical standards before high-volume slurry production.
